Print, Radio, TV and Online media: strengths and weaknesses

Print, Radio, TV and Online media: strengths and weaknesses The table below shows how a print, radio, television and online media materials and programmes are being used and perceived by audience. Each type of mediums has its own strengths and weaknesses. Journalism book, solutions of journalism, evolution of journalism, evolution of media in the world, why papers fade out

News

The table below shows how a print, radio, television and online media materials and programmes are being used and perceived by audience. Each type of mediums has its own strengths and weaknesses.




[table color="theme2"]

[row] [heading]PRINT[/heading][heading]RADIO[/heading][heading]TV[/heading][heading]ONLINE[/heading] [/row]


[row] [col]Printed medium. Limited to cities and easily accessible areas. Bit expensive. Needs convenient place to read. [/col] [col] Audio medium. Wide reach including remote areas depending on capacity of the station. Not so expensive. Convenient to listen at home, work or on move. [/col] [col] Audio-visual medium. Limited reach depending on availability of electricity, capacity of the station, cable service provider or disc distribution system. Expensive. Generally needs convenient place to watch. [/col] [col] Audio-visual, text and graphic medium. Limited reach as per availability of electricity, computer, internet service. Expensive. Generally needs specified place to use. With mobile devices can be used on move also. [/col] [/row]



[row] [col]Comes daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly or quarterly. Not easy to cover the news of immediate happenings and development. Tend to be more deep, extensive and analytical in coverage. [/col] [col]Presents news slots many times a day and can cover important events and happenings immediately, even by stopping other scheduled programmes. [/col] [col]Presents news slots many times a day and can cover events and happenings immediately, even by stopping other scheduled programmes. Needs little more time than in radio to prepare the news for broadcast. [/col] [col]Presents news any time and can cover events and happenings immediately. Also tends to have deep, extensive and analytical coverage as flexible in providing space. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Only literate people can take message.[/col] [col]Illiterate people also can take message. [/col] [col]Not needed to be literate, but sometimes illiterate people cannot read on screen written descriptions.[/col] [col] Only literate, having working knowledge of English and familiar with computer and internet can take full advantage [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Reading is main activity. Reader pays more attention. [/col] [col]Listening is main activity. Listener may not pay enough attention. Circumstances around also can make adverse impact on listening. [/col] [col] Seeing and listening are main activity. Viewer pays more attention than on radio. Circumstances around also can make adverse impact on watching. [/col] [col] All reading, seeing and listening are main activity. User pays more attention than on radio and television. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Reader gets attracted by text display, photo, sketch and graphic. Different fonts and size of letters, headlines and highlights also determine interest. [/col] [col]Listener gets attracted by voice, ambience, sound effects and music. Tone of voice, stress or emphasis and silence all have meaning. [/col] [col]Viewer gets attracted by visuals, ambience, voice, sound effects and music. Body language (gesture, facial expression, appearance) of the presenter also carries meaning. [/col] [col]User gets attracted by features of all print, audio and visual medium. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Punctuation marks are helpful to read and understand. [/col] [col]Punctuation marks can be used on script, but during the presentation are stressed acoustically. [/col] [col] Text with proper marks on screen written descriptions is visual means to support. [/col] [col]Features of all print, audio and visual medium are applied.[/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Reader determines time for reading and can leaf through the pages, select and jump from item to item. [/col] [col]Listener has to wait scheduled time to listen to particular programme. [/col] [col]Viewer has to wait schedule time to watch to particular programme.[/col] [col] User can go through any (print, audio or video) item at convenient to her/him time unless presented live in case of audio and audio-visual content. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Reader can have fairly good idea about all contents of the publication beforehand going through headlinesand highlights of the materials. [/col] [col]Highlights and promos of running and upcoming programmes give some idea about what is being broadcasted ahead, otherwise s/he has to follow the schedule and listen whole programme.[/col] [col] Highlights and promos of running and upcoming programmes give some idea about what is being broadcasted ahead, otherwise s/he has to follow the schedule and watch whole programme. [/col] [col]User can have idea of the whole material unless presented live. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Reader can repeat a part or full story not clear on her/his own discretion. [/col] [col]Listener hears the broadcasted story only once unless repeated by station. [/col] [col]Viewer sees the broadcasted story only once unless repeated by station. [/col] [col] The user can repeat the story unless presented live. [/col] [/row]


[row] [col]Speed of reading is the matter of reader's choice. [/col] [col] Listener has to follow the speed of the presenter.[/col] [col] Viewer has to follow the speed of word and images presented. [/col] [col] User can follow the features of all print, audio and video medium depending on which type of story he is visiting. [/col] [/table]

(Developed from Schulze, 2001: 25 and Paudyal, 2060 BS: 10-11)