Print, Radio, TV and Online media: strengths and weaknesses
The table below shows how a print, radio, television and online media materials and programmes are being used and perceived by audience. Each type of mediums has its own strengths and weaknesses.
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[table color="theme2"]
[row] [heading]PRINT[/heading][heading]RADIO[/heading][heading]TV[/heading][heading]ONLINE[/heading] [/row]
[row] [col]Printed medium. Limited to cities and easily accessible areas. Bit expensive. Needs convenient place to read. [/col] [col] Audio medium. Wide reach including remote areas depending on capacity of the station. Not so expensive. Convenient to listen at home, work or on move. [/col] [col] Audio-visual medium. Limited reach depending on availability of electricity, capacity of the station, cable service provider or disc distribution system. Expensive. Generally needs convenient place to watch. [/col] [col] Audio-visual, text and graphic medium. Limited reach as per availability of electricity, computer, internet service. Expensive. Generally needs specified place to use. With mobile devices can be used on move also. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Comes daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly or quarterly. Not easy to cover the news of immediate happenings and development. Tend to be more deep, extensive and analytical in coverage. [/col] [col]Presents news slots many times a day and can cover important events and happenings immediately, even by stopping other scheduled programmes. [/col] [col]Presents news slots many times a day and can cover events and happenings immediately, even by stopping other scheduled programmes. Needs little more time than in radio to prepare the news for broadcast. [/col] [col]Presents news any time and can cover events and happenings immediately. Also tends to have deep, extensive and analytical coverage as flexible in providing space. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Only literate people can take message.[/col] [col]Illiterate people also can take message. [/col] [col]Not needed to be literate, but sometimes illiterate people cannot read on screen written descriptions.[/col] [col] Only literate, having working knowledge of English and familiar with computer and internet can take full advantage [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Reading is main activity. Reader pays more attention. [/col] [col]Listening is main activity. Listener may not pay enough attention. Circumstances around also can make adverse impact on listening. [/col] [col] Seeing and listening are main activity. Viewer pays more attention than on radio. Circumstances around also can make adverse impact on watching. [/col] [col] All reading, seeing and listening are main activity. User pays more attention than on radio and television. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Reader gets attracted by text display, photo, sketch and graphic. Different fonts and size of letters, headlines and highlights also determine interest. [/col] [col]Listener gets attracted by voice, ambience, sound effects and music. Tone of voice, stress or emphasis and silence all have meaning. [/col] [col]Viewer gets attracted by visuals, ambience, voice, sound effects and music. Body language (gesture, facial expression, appearance) of the presenter also carries meaning. [/col] [col]User gets attracted by features of all print, audio and visual medium. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Punctuation marks are helpful to read and understand. [/col] [col]Punctuation marks can be used on script, but during the presentation are stressed acoustically. [/col] [col] Text with proper marks on screen written descriptions is visual means to support. [/col] [col]Features of all print, audio and visual medium are applied.[/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Reader determines time for reading and can leaf through the pages, select and jump from item to item. [/col] [col]Listener has to wait scheduled time to listen to particular programme. [/col] [col]Viewer has to wait schedule time to watch to particular programme.[/col] [col] User can go through any (print, audio or video) item at convenient to her/him time unless presented live in case of audio and audio-visual content. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Reader can have fairly good idea about all contents of the publication beforehand going through headlinesand highlights of the materials. [/col] [col]Highlights and promos of running and upcoming programmes give some idea about what is being broadcasted ahead, otherwise s/he has to follow the schedule and listen whole programme.[/col] [col] Highlights and promos of running and upcoming programmes give some idea about what is being broadcasted ahead, otherwise s/he has to follow the schedule and watch whole programme. [/col] [col]User can have idea of the whole material unless presented live. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Reader can repeat a part or full story not clear on her/his own discretion. [/col] [col]Listener hears the broadcasted story only once unless repeated by station. [/col] [col]Viewer sees the broadcasted story only once unless repeated by station. [/col] [col] The user can repeat the story unless presented live. [/col] [/row]
[row] [col]Speed of reading is the matter of reader's choice. [/col] [col] Listener has to follow the speed of the presenter.[/col] [col] Viewer has to follow the speed of word and images presented. [/col] [col] User can follow the features of all print, audio and video medium depending on which type of story he is visiting. [/col] [/table]
(Developed from Schulze, 2001: 25 and Paudyal, 2060 BS: 10-11)
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